<?xml version="1.0" ?>

<kc>

<title>Kernel Traffic</title>

<author contact="mailto:zbrown@tumblerings.org">Zack Brown</author>

<issue num="257" date="06 Apr 2004 00:00:00 -0800" />

<stats posts="1911" size="9942" contrib="528" multiples="259" lastweek="176">

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<section
  title="Status Of Lan Media's WAN Card Driver In 2.6"
  subject="What happened to LAN Media Corporation?"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1tCEk-3Lh-13%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="18"
  startdate="26 Feb 2004 14:51:31 -0800"
  enddate="11 Mar 2004 14:53:01 -0800"
>
<topic>MAINTAINERS File</topic>

<mention>Marcelo Tosatti</mention>
<mention>Sam Ravnborg</mention>
<mention>Muli Ben-Yehuda</mention>
<mention>Dave Jones</mention>
<mention>Horst von Brand</mention>

<p>Adrian Bunk noticed that Lan Media's WAN card driver was
listed in the MAINTAINERS file as being maintained by Andrew
Stanley-Jones of that company; but that the Lan Media website, <a
href="http://www.lanmedia.com/">http://www.lanmedia.com/</a>, was listed
as being for sale. He asked what was up, and Dave Jones queries Google,
coming up with <a href="http://www.sbei.net/archive/prs/2000/071400.htm">an
acquisition notice by SBE</a> as the first hit. Daniel Egger added that
after the acquisition:</p>

<quote who="Daniel Egger">

<p>the first cool action they placed on the market was to substitute all
occurrences of LMC in the driver by SBE and make some other incompatible
changes to make sure that the old tools wouldn't work with the "new" driver
and vice versa. Surprisingly the kernel maintainers did not like this very
much so the drivers in the latest kernels are somewhat old and conflicting
with the "real" drivers.</p>

<p>What's more, their driver version 3.2 doesn't compile with 2.4.21
and up, so unless they've eventually released their highquality
patch/driver/tool/utilities/extras + telnet and more bundle in version 4.0
version which will probably only work up to 2.4.24 anyway (due to the latest
HDLC changes), one has to stick to an old version of the driver, which works
somewhat but given the extraordinary code quality I would be very surprised
if that's a synonym for a nice uptime.</p>

<p>There's something about WAN card manufacturers that seems to say: If you
hate us for the sad driver quality, check back with our competition and then
come back later...</p>

</quote>

<p>Adrian asked if, in this case, the MAINTAINERS entry could be removed,
and Daniel replied, <quote who="Daniel Egger">This one for sure. The same
is probably sensible for the drivers, too. It's just too confusing to
have several versions of the driver floating around which need different
tools. And since the manufacturer propagates their own version, the linux
one should go...</quote> He said he'd post a patch for this soon. Adrian
said that removing a driver from a stable kernel series didn't seem like a
great idea, though he agreed the MAINTAINERS entry should definitely go. Sam
Ravnborg suggested just marking the thing as unmaintained, instead of gutting
the entry entirely, but Adrian replied:</p>

<quote who="Adrian Bunk">

<p>In 2.6.4-rc1-mm2, there's exactly one entry marked "Unmaintained"
(PCMCIA SUBSYSTEM) and there are very few marked "Orphan".</p>

<p>I don't have a strong opinion on this, but my impresion was that usually
unmaintained device drivers are not listed in MAINTAINERS.</p>

</quote>

<p>Elsewhere, Marcelo Tosatti also thought it would be proper to mark the driver
as unmaintained, and Horst von Brand agreed. Hideaki Yoshifuji replied that
typically, "Orphan" or "Obsolete" would be used instead of "Unmaintained". Muli
Ben-Yehuda suggested adding the "Unmaintained" possibility to the list of
possible states for a given driver, but Hideaki felt thta "Orphan" was the
proper and traditional term.</p>

<p>The thread ended inconclusively.</p>

</section>

<section
  title="Status Of kgdb_serial And Run-Time Selection Of KGDB Communication Channels"
  subject="[PATCH] Kill kgdb_serial"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1was7-1e3-5%40gated-at.bofh.it&amp;prev=/groups%3Fas_ugroup%3Dlinux.kernel%26as_uauthors%3DTom%2520Rini%26as_usubject%3D%255BPATCH%255D%2520Kill%2520kgdb_serial%26as_drbb%3Db%26as_mind%3D02%26as_minm%3DMar%26as_miny%3D2004%26as_maxd%3D02%26as_maxm%3DMar%26as_maxy%3D2004"
  posts="37"
  startdate="02 Mar 2004 13:39:01 -0800"
  enddate="11 Mar 2004 20:48:37 -0800"
>
<topic>Networking</topic>

<p>Tom Rini said, <quote who="Tom Rini">The following interdiff kills
kgdb_serial in favor of function names.  This only adds a weak function
for kgdb_flush_io, and documents when it would need to be provided.</quote>
George Anzinger remarked, <quote who="George Anzinger">It looks like you are
also dumping any notion of building a kernel that can choose which method
of communication to use for kgdb at run time.  Is this so?</quote> Tom
replied, <quote who="Tom Rini">Yes, as this is how Andrew suggested we do it.
It becomes quite ugly if you try and allow for any 2 of 3 methods.</quote>
Pavel Machek objected, <quote who="Pavel Machek">I do not think that
having kgdb_serial is so ugly. Are there any other uglyness associated with
that?</quote> Tom gave a link to <a href="http://lkml.org/lkml/2004/2/11/224">a
February posting</a> where the issue had been discussed, in which Andrew
Morton had said, <quote who="Andrew Morton">I don't think runtime selection
is very important, personally. You tend to get things set up with a serial
cable or ethernet and just leave it that way. Given that you need to recompile
the kernel anyway, I'd say that Kconfig-time selection is acceptable.</quote>
Pavel said that this only showed that Andrew didn't care very much. He went on,
<quote who="Pavel Machek">having both serial and ethernet support *is* good
idea after all... I have few machines here, some of them do not have serial,
and some of them do not have supported ethernet. It would be nice to use same
kernel on all of them. Also distribution wants to have "debugging kernel",
but does _not_ want to have 10 of them.</quote> After some discussion,
Tom decided to give up on killing kgdb_serial, and there was some implementation
discussion on how to do things cleanly.</p>

</section>

<section
  title="udev 021 Released; Status Of Module Loading And Unloading"
  subject="[ANNOUNCE] udev 021 release"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1vshj-2ou-9%40gated-at.bofh.it&amp;prev=/groups%3Fas_ugroup%3Dlinux.kernel%26as_uauthors%3DGreg%2520KH%26as_usubject%3D%255BANNOUNCE%255D%2520udev%2520021%2520release%26as_drbb%3Db%26as_mind%3D02%26as_minm%3DMar%26as_miny%3D2004%26as_maxd%3D02%26as_maxm%3DMar%26as_maxy%3D2004"
  posts="38"
  startdate="02 Mar 2004 16:09:57 -0800"
  enddate="13 Mar 2004 01:34:07 -0800"
>
<topic>FS: devfs</topic>
<topic>FS: sysfs</topic>
<topic>Hot-Plugging</topic>
<topic>Networking</topic>
<topic>USB</topic>
<topic>Version Control</topic>

<p>Greg KH said:</p>

<quote who="Greg KH">

<p>I've released the 021 version of udev.  It can be found at:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-021.tar.gz">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-021.tar.gz</a></p>

<p>(Yes, there was no 020 release announcement, that tarball had a number
of build issues that prevented rpms from being generated, hence the need
for a 021 release.  A certain new Ximian/SuSE/Novell employee owes me
some beer now that he broke the build and I had to fix it...)</p>

<p>rpms built against Red Hat FC2-test1 are available at:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-021-1.i386.rpm">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-021-1.i386.rpm</a><br />
with the source rpm at:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-021-1.src.rpm">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-021-1.src.rpm</a></p>

<p>udev allows users to have a dynamic /dev and provides the ability to
have persistent device names.  It uses sysfs and /sbin/hotplug and runs
entirely in userspace.  It requires a 2.6 kernel with CONFIG_HOTPLUG
enabled to run.  Please see the udev FAQ for any questions about it:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-FAQ">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-FAQ</a></p>

<p>For any udev vs devfs questions anyone might have, please see:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev_vs_devfs">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev_vs_devfs</a></p>

<p>I think udev is pretty much mature now.  The TODO list is pretty much
empty, and I've integrated in all of the assorted patches that the
different distros were using.  If there's anything missing from udev, or
any patches that I've missed, please let me and the people at the
linux-hotplug-devel mailing list know about it.</p>

<p>Major changes from the 019 version:</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>new variable $local for the udev.permission file allows
          permissions to be set for the currently logged in user.</li>
<li>new binary, udevstart, to help out people with distros that
          needed the udev_start program to have a few /dev entries be
          created before it could run.</li>
<li>new udevinfo functionality (can handle the symlinks correctly
          now.)</li>
<li>number of other small fixes.</li>

</ul>

</p>

<p>Thanks to everyone who has send me patches for this release, a full list
of everyone, and their changes is below.</p>

<p>udev development is done in a BitKeeper repository located at:<br />
        bk://linuxusb.bkbits.net/udev</p>

<p>Daily snapshots of udev from the BitKeeper tree can be found at:<br />
        <a href="http://www.codemonkey.org.uk/projects/bitkeeper/udev/">http://www.codemonkey.org.uk/projects/bitkeeper/udev/</a><br />
If anyone ever wants a tarball of the current bk tree, just email me.</p>

</quote>

<p>He replied to himself a few minutes later, to add:</p>

<quote who="Greg KH">

<p>Two other things about this release that Kay just reminded me about:</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>if you have been using the tarballs, please delete
          /sbin/udevinfo by hand, as it is now placed in
          /usr/bin/udevinfo.  Users who use the rpm or some other kind
          of package system will have no problems with this.</li>

<li>the old style %2c format has now been removed in favor of the
          %c{2} style.  Any old udev.rules files will need to be
          converted (you had a few releases to do this...)</li>

</ul>

</p>

<p>And another one I just remembered:</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>we now support multiple symlink rules.  They aren't really
          documented well, but hopefully the author of that patch will
          fix this soon...</li>

</ul>

</p>

</quote>

<p>Michael Weiser said, regarding the ability to set permissions for the
currently logged in user, <quote who="Michael Weiser">Yay, just the other
day I thought that might be a nice feature in concert with RedHat's/Fedora's
pam_console module. Am I right in assuming that the current utmp based code
will give the file to the user that most recently logged into the local
console? This could cause some confusion with the pam_console-method which
gives files to the user that logged in *first* on a local console.</quote>
Greg wasn't sure of the answer to this, and asked Michael to test it out
and report back; Michael did so, and reported:</p>

<quote who="Michael Weiser">

<p>It's even worse. The user logged into the lowest-numbered console will
get owner of the newly created file when using $local.</p>

<p>So if I log into tty2 and plug in my USB stick I will be owner of
/dev/sda1. If another guy comes along, logs into tty1, unplugs my USB stick and
replugs it, he'll be owner of /dev/sda1. But if I log out now, re-login on tty2
and replug the stick again, I won't get the owner of /dev/sda1 but the other
guy again. This will certainly break things - at least on Fedora Core 1. Maybe
it's different with other distributions/glibc/utmp variants/versions.</p>

</quote>

<p>Greg replied:</p>

<quote who="Greg KH">

<p>Ick, well you are describing a pretty pathalogical situation.  I suspect
for 99.9% of the users who would use this option, it will work just fine,
as they only have 1 user on the system at a time.</p>

<p>So, if you have multiple users on the physical system, then don't use
$local :)</p>

<p>Feel free to send a update to the documentation that illustrates this
limitation of the feature.</p>

</quote>

<p>Elsewhere, in the course of discussion, some question of driver loading and
unloading came up; to which Greg said:</p>

<quote who="Greg KH">

<p>the kernel is changing models from one which automatically loaded modules
when userspace tried to access the device, to one where the proper modules
are loaded when the hardware is found.</p>

<p>Note that this is a much more sane model due to removable devices, and
instances of multiple types of the same kind of devices in the same system.</p>

<p>So no, udev is not going to handle this "issue" except in the case of
removable devices and their partitions.  Which is already working in udev
today.</p>

</quote>

<p>To the outcry that module unloading was a really great feature, Alex
Goddard said, <quote who="Alex Goddard">See past linux-kernel threads
on how problematic module unloading is (and how insanely hard it'd be to
fix those problems).  You really shouldn't be using rmmod unless you're a
developer as it is.</quote> And Greg added, <quote who="Greg KH">rmmod -a
has not been a wise thing to do since 2.2 came out.  It can easily take down
a working box...</quote></p>

<p>Close by, Marco d'Itri objected, <quote who="Marco d'Itri">This does not
solve the problem of drivers which do not have matching hardware, like PPP
and loop device. I do not mind unconditionally loading these modules at boot,
but there has to be a way to recognize them: I do not think it is acceptable
to load *all* modules available on the system (what is the point of having
a modular kernel then?).</quote> Greg said, <quote who="Greg KH">Then have
your "use the loop device" or "use the ppp device" load the module before
it is used.  Or manually create the dev node and hope that kmod and its
aliases work...</quote> But Michael said, <quote who="Michael Weiser">AFAICS
both require root privileges and the latter will break with dynamic device
numbers issued by the kernel. The previous model enabled normal users to
have the kernel adjust to their current requirements dynamically without
the need of being root.</quote> There was no reply.</p>

</section>

<section
  title="OpenIB InfiniBand Driver; Some Intellectual Property Encumberance"
  subject="ANNOUCE: OpenIB InfiniBand software"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1wspu-44s-13%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="5"
  startdate="05 Mar 2004 10:31:15 -0800"
  enddate="13 Mar 2004 16:55:13 -0800"
>
<topic>BSD</topic>
<topic>Device Mapper</topic>
<topic>Disks: SCSI</topic>
<topic>FS: sysfs</topic>
<topic>Ioctls</topic>
<topic>Microsoft</topic>
<topic>PCI</topic>
<topic>Virtual Memory</topic>

<p>Roland Dreier said:</p>

<quote who="Roland Dreier">

<p>OPENIB.ORG INFINIBAND DRIVERS RELEASE -- 2004-03-05</p>

<p>We are proud to announce the initial availability of the OpenIB.org
InfiniBand stack.  This is a fully open source (See the section on SDP
intellectual property for some important information, though.) InfiniBand
stack that includes a low-level driver for Mellanox HCA hardware, a midlayer,
and a number of useful upper-layer protocols including IP-over-InfiniBand,
SCSI RDMA Protocol, Sockets Direct Protocol, uDAPL and MPI.  In addition
userspace utilities are available, including the OpenSM subnet manager.</p>

<p>An initial drop of this source is available from &lt;<a
href="http://openib.org">http://openib.org</a>&gt;.  Additional protocols and
further enhancements will be added in upcoming releases.  In the next few days,
we will also be bringing up mailing lists, source code control, and so on.</p>

<p>We look forward to working with the entire Linux community to continue
to develop these drivers.</p>

<p>TODO</p>

<p>We are fully aware that our code is far from being acceptable for
inclusion in the Linux kernel, and we are very committed to doing the hard
work required to clean up the source.  We believe that in addition to the
benefits of being in the standard kernel, we will find huge improvements in
the quality, performance and robustness of our drivers.</p>

<p>As a starting point, here is a list of some of the tasks we believe must
be completed before these drivers can be seriously considered for inclusion in
the kernel.  We would welcome any suggestions of tasks that we have forgotten.
Of course patches would be even better!</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>Use a more standard naming convention (tTS_IB_TYPE_NAME -&gt;
      ib_type_name, tsIbFunctionName -&gt; ib_function_name, etc)</li>
<li>Get rid of bizarro types such as tUINT32 -- replace with Linux
      standard u32 etc.</li>
<li>Run source through scripts/Lindent (and then fix by hand, since
      lots of things will no longer line up)</li>
<li>Get rid of XXX_exports.c files and move EXPORT_SYMBOL next to
      definition in source.</li>
<li>Change MODULE_PARM -&gt; module_param</li>
<li>Use DMA mapping API so we work properly with non-coherent
      caches, IOMMUs etc. Add a function to get struct device * for an
      IB device so ULPs can call sync functions (embed struct device
      in struct ib_device?). (How do we handle systems with limited
      DMA mapping capacity?)</li>
<li>Fix up ioctls, userspace interface so that 32-bit userspace
      works with a 64-bit kernel.</li>
<li>Get rid of ib_poll module; move all timers to standard Linux
      timers (CM can use a work queue plus schedule_delayed_work).</li>
<li>Get rid of ib_services module (move TS_TRACE etc. to dev_printk)</li>
<li>Add missing pieces of API for currently unused IB features: deal
      with RD (EECs, etc -- including CM support), verbs extensions.</li>
<li>Get rid of IPoIB address hash and just use native 20-byte
      addresses (keep 6-byte hash as an option for compatibility
      with existing applications?)</li>
<li>Rewrite client query support (SA and DM) to be more extensible,
      simpler, deal with component mask.</li>
<li>Add sysfs support.</li>
<li>

<p>In Mellanox HCA driver, clean up mosal. Some obvious targets (there's
lots more though):</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>Grunging through kernel code to find the mlock/munlock
            pointers especially has to go (mosal_mlock.c). We need to
            get VM experts from LKML to tell us how to handle memory
            translation and locking.</li>
<li>Turn MT_KERNEL back to __KERNEL__</li>
<li>Use native spinlocks.</li>
<li>Turn driver into a real PCI driver (rather than
            reimplementing a worse version of PCI bus scan).</li>

</ul>

</p>

</li>

</ul>

</p>

<p align="center">SDP intellectual property</p>

<p>  Microsoft believes that they own certain intellectual property
  relating to the <a
  href="http://www.microsoft.com/mscorp/ip/standards/">Sockets Direct Protocol
  (SDP)</a>.  Therefore, we are including the following disclaimer required
  by Microsoft's license in SDP source that relates to the implementation
  of the protocol:</p>

<blockquote>

<p>    "This source code may incorporate intellectual property owned by
    Microsoft Corporation. Our provision of this source code does not
    include any licenses or any other rights to you under any
    Microsoft intellectual property. If you would like a license from
    Microsoft (e.g., to rebrand, redistribute), you need to contact
    Microsoft directly."</p>

</blockquote>

<p>  We realize that this is incompatible with open source licensing, and
  we are working to find a more satisfactory solution, but for the
  time being we are forced to comply with Microsoft's license.</p>

<p>  Please make sure you have fully understood the implications of
  Microsoft's claims before you redistribute any of the SDP source
  that contains the above disclaimer.</p>

</quote>

<p>The next day he replied to himself:</p>

<quote who="Roland Dreier">

<p>Several people have requested that we split the possibly-encumbered
SDP code into a separate package so that they don't have to download
it to get the free code.  To allow that, I have split the kernel code
into two packages:</p>

<p>    infiniband-kernel-2004-03-05.tar.bz2<br />
    infiniband-kernel-sdp-2004-03-05.tar.bz2</p>

<p>If you wish to build SDP, you will need to download both packages and
move the SDP files into the appropriate place in the tree.  For all
other protocols, only the first package (containing only pure dual
GPL/BSD code) is required.</p>

<p>The new snapshot is available now from &lt;<a href="http://openib.org/downloads">http://openib.org/downloads</a>&gt;.
(It also contains a few fixes and code cleanups as compared to the
2004-02-26 drop)</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="Linux 2.6.4-rc2-mm1 Released"
  subject="2.6.4-rc2-mm1"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1xmAM-8hb-5%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="30"
  startdate="07 Mar 2004 22:32:21 -0800"
  enddate="10 Mar 2004 13:20:20 -0800"
>
<topic>Device Mapper</topic>
<topic>Disks: IDE</topic>
<topic>FS: ext3</topic>
<topic>Kernel Release Announcement</topic>
<topic>User-Mode Linux</topic>

<p>Andrew Morton announced Linux 2.6.4-rc2-mm1, saying:</p>

<quote who="Andrew Morton">

<p><a
href="ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.4-rc2/2.6.4-rc2-mm1/">ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.4-rc2/2.6.4-rc2-mm1/</a></p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>Added Jens's patch which teaches the kernel to use DMA when reading
audio from IDE CDROM drives.  These devices tend to be flakey, and we need
lots of testing please.</li>

<li>Re-added the device mapper update</li>

<li>

<p>Brought back Ingo's patch which permits remap_file_pages() to set the
memory access permissions on a per-page basis.  This is mainly interesting
for its very significant performance benefits to UML.</p>

<p>Breaks the build on most architectures.  There are how-to-fix-it
instructions in the changelog.</p>

</li>

<li>A new version of the patch which permits ext3 quota updates to be fully
journalled.</li>

</ul>

</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="LVM2 Benchmarking Under 2.6"
  subject="lvm2 performance data with linux-2.6"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1xysr-3Hj-31%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="9"
  startdate="08 Mar 2004 11:16:39 -0800"
  enddate="16 Mar 2004 15:17:01 -0800"
>
<topic>Disk Arrays: LVM</topic>
<topic>FS: ext2</topic>

<p>Mark Wong said:</p>

<quote who="Mark Wong">

<p>I've started collecting various data (including oprofile) using our
DBT-2 (OLTP) workload with lvm2 on linux 2.6.2 and 2.6.3 on ia32 and ia64
platforms:</p>

<p><a
href="http://developer.osdl.org/markw/lvm2/">http://developer.osdl.org/markw/lvm2/</a></p>

<p>So far I've only varied the stripe width with lvm, from 8 KB to 512 KB,
for PostgreSQL that is using 8 KB sized blocks with ext2.  It appears that
a stripe width of 16 KB through 128KB on the ia64 system gives the best
throughput for the DBT-2 workload on a volume that should be doing mostly
sequential writes.</p>

<p>I'm going to run through more tests varying the block size that PostgreSQL
uses, but I wanted to share what I had so far in case there were other
suggestions or recommendations.</p>

</quote>

<p>Miquel van Smoorenburg suggested, <quote who="Miquel van Smoorenburg">For
write-heavy loads, you might want to see if 2.6.4-rc2-mm1 makes any
difference. It fixes a case where both pdflush and a writing process itself
would queue writes to an LVM device, resulting in less than optimal I/O
ordering for some cases. The fix will probably be in 2.6.4 proper as
well.</quote></p>

<p>Bill Davidsen also said to Mark:</p>

<quote who="Bill Davidsen">

<p>Here's one thought: look at the i/o rates on individual drives using each
stripe size. You *might* see that one size does far fewer seeks than others,
which is a secondary thing to optimize after throughput IMHO.</p>

<p>If you don't have a tool for this I can send you the latest diorate
which does stuff like this, io rate perdrive or per partition, something I
occasionally find revealing.</p>

</quote>

<p>Mark said he'd been using 'iostat -x' so far, and would definitely
like to see the diorate script. Chris Croswhite asked if it were
available to all, and Bill replied, <quote who="Bill Davidsen">I
stuck it on the page I use to avoid beating my fractional T1 to death. <a
href="http://pages.prodigy.net/davidsen/diorate.pl">http://pages.prodigy.net/davidsen/diorate.pl</a>.
Enjoy, any misfeatures please feed back to me.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="New Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 802.11b Driver"
  subject="[Announce] Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 802.11b driver"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1xW1J-6Ov-35%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="23"
  startdate="09 Mar 2004 12:24:06 -0800"
  enddate="11 Mar 2004 16:32:29 -0800"
>

<mention>Arjan van de Ven</mention>
<mention>Timothy Miller</mention>

<p>James Ketrenos of Intel, said:</p>

<quote who="James Ketrenos">

<p>I am pleased to announce the launch of an open source
development project for the Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 miniPCI
network adapter. The project has been created and is hosted at <a
href="http://ipw2100.sf.net">http://ipw2100.sf.net</a>.</p>

<p>The driver, as it currently stands, is able to associate and communicate
in Infrastructure mode. Support for both 2.4 and 2.6 is available. We are
releasing this driver now as "early beta" code to get feedback and help in
the development, so expect bugs (and please report them)!  Of course Intel
will continue the effort (as part of this Open Source project).  We are
planning to add support of all key wireless features (adhoc, WEP, etc)
over the next few months, quicker with help from others in the community.</p>

<p>NOTE: Let me reiterate -- this driver is in active development. Features
and capabilities available on other operating systems have not all been
implemented at this time. This includes wireless features (adhoc, wep)
as well as performance and power savings.</p>

<p>I look forward to working with the community to improve and enhance
the driver.</p>

<p>So if you have an Intel wireless 802.11b miniPCI network adapter in your
laptop... download the bits, give it a whirl, and let me know how it goes.
Please also let us know if you encounter any problems that may be related
to specific distributions.</p>

</quote>

<p>Later, he added that Intel had set up a mailing list, at <a
href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/ipw2100-devel">http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/ipw2100-devel</a>.</p>

<p>Arjan van de Ven, Timothy Miller, Dax Kelson and others were very happy
to see this. Dax also said:</p>

<quote who="Dax Kelson">

<p>I took a look at the website and see the GPL driver and the closed
firmware.</p>

<p>Is it really *firmware*, in that it loads and executes purely within
the Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 itself and not in the linux kernel on the main
CPU? If so, bravo!</p>

<p>Does a similar effort exist for the upcoming Sonoma 802.11a/b/g
component? Will Linux support be available for Sonoma at launch?</p>

</quote>

<p>Regarding the firmware question, James confirmed, <quote who="James
Ketrenos">Yes, it is really firmware.  It is loaded from disk as a block of
data and passed to the card.  The system CPU doesn't execute anything out of
the firmware, nor does the firmware know anything about the kernel.</quote>
And regarding the upcoming Sonoma 802.11a/b/g, he added, <quote who="James
Ketrenos">It is our intention to support a/b/g WLAN with a driver for Linux,
but details are being worked out so we have no dates or commitment at this
time.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="Status Of Support For Intel's ICC Compiler"
  subject="Kernel 2.6.3 patch for Intel Compiler 8.0"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1yb1Q-5UQ-25%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="12"
  startdate="09 Mar 2004 15:46:20 -0800"
  enddate="12 Mar 2004 14:31:02 -0800"
>

<p>Ingo Kubbilun said, <quote who="Ingo Kubbilun">please have a look at <a
href="http://www.pyrillion.org/linuxkernelpatch.html">http://www.pyrillion.org/linuxkernelpatch.html</a>
for a working 2.6.3 patch to compile the kernel with Intel Compiler 8.0 for
Linux.</quote> Norberto Bensa asked how the speed of a kernel compiled with
that compiler compared with one compiled with GCC, and Ingo replied:</p>

<quote who="Ingo Kubbilun">

<p>I used the patch to compile two identical kernels with gcc 3.3.3 and icc
8.0 with oprofile support built in.</p>

<p>The optimization switches were chosen quite conservative, i.e.  "-O2 -Ob1",
no IPO, and of course: no MMX, SSE, and SSE2 stuff inside the kernel (thus
disabling Intel's great vectorizer).</p>

<p>Profiling: lmbench ran ten times but time measurements were taken from
oprofile (on Pentium 4, GLOBAL_POWER_EVENTS in kernel space only, counter
overflow: 3.000).</p>

<p>Results: 33% of the lmbench procs faster on icc, 66% faster on gcc.</p>

<p>Thus, take the kernel patch as a good basis for modifying the compiler
switches and other things to get more performance gains. As I know, a lot
of people are looking for a patch.</p>

<p>Please check the patch file; you have to modify a lot of things in 2.6.3
to create a quite stable working version of the kernel. The patch is not
just about changing some minor Makefile things...</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="Block Device Hotplugging Improvements"
  subject="[PATCH] backing dev unplugging"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1ybtG-6qY-3%40gated-at.bofh.it&amp;prev=/groups%3Fas_ugroup%3Dlinux.kernel%26as_uauthors%3DJens%2520Axboe%26as_usubject%3D%255BPATCH%255D%2520backing%2520dev%2520unplugging%26as_drbb%3Db%26as_mind%3D10%26as_minm%3DMar%26as_miny%3D2004%26as_maxd%3D10%26as_maxm%3DMar%26as_maxy%3D2004"
  posts="31"
  startdate="10 Mar 2004 04:45:07 -0800"
  enddate="14 Mar 2004 21:53:58 -0800"
>
<topic>Device Mapper</topic>
<topic>Hot-Plugging</topic>

<p>Jens Axboe said:</p>

<quote who="Jens Axboe">

<p>Here's a first cut at killing global plugging of block devices to reduce
the nasty contention blk_plug_lock caused. This introduceds per-queue
plugging, controlled by the backing_dev_info. Observations:</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>Most uses of blk_run_queues() without a specific context was bogus.
  Usually the act of kicking the targets in question should be (and
  already are) performed by other activities, such as making the vm
  flushing run to free memory.</li>

<li>Some use of blk_run_queues() really just want to kick the final queue
  where the bio goes to. I've added bio_sync() (BIO_RW_SYNC) to manage
  those, if the queue needs unplugging we'll do it when holding the lock
  for the queue already.</li>

<li>The dm bit needs careful examination and checking of Joe. It could be
  more clever and maintain plug state of each target, I just added a
  dm_table unplug all functionality.</li>

</ul>

</p>

<p>Patch is against 2.6.4-rc2-mm1.</p>

</quote>

<p>Various folks liked this, and Andrew Morton said, <quote who="Andrew
Morton">This is such an improvement over what we have now it isn't
funny.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="Linux 2.6.4 Released"
  subject="Linux 2.6.4"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1tZr3-8qS-5%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="4"
  startdate="10 Mar 2004 19:28:17 -0800"
  enddate="12 Mar 2004 10:13:29 -0800"
>
<topic>Kernel Release Announcement</topic>
<topic>Version Control</topic>

<p>Linus Torvalds announced 2.6.4, saying:</p>

<quote who="Linus Torvalds">

<p>A few small fixes since -rc3, most notably an OHCI bug that would corrupt
memory and seems to have been the reason for the "Bad page flags" bug at
least on ppc64 (it's not been reported on x86, as far as I know, but I don't
see why the corruption couldn't have happened there too).</p>

<p>The full changelog from 2.6.3 is on the ftp-sites along with the patches
and tar-balls, and the BK trees have been updated.</p>

</quote>

<p>Jan De Luyck asked, <quote who="Jan De Luyck">The new -mregparm=3
support, how likely is it to totally break one's system?</quote> Pavel
Machek replied, <quote who="Pavel Machek">There were some problems with that,
but they should be fixed.  If you are using binary-only drivers, stay away
from that.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="Linux 2.6.4-mm1 Released"
  subject="2.6.4-mm1"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1yGRa-80-29%40gated-at.bofh.it&amp;prev=/groups%3Fas_ugroup%3Dlinux.kernel%26as_uauthors%3DAndrew%2520Morton%26as_usubject%3D2.6.4-mm1%26as_drbb%3Db%26as_mind%3D10%26as_minm%3DMar%26as_miny%3D2004%26as_maxd%3D10%26as_maxm%3DMar%26as_maxy%3D2004"
  posts="67"
  startdate="10 Mar 2004 23:31:40 -0800"
  enddate="15 Mar 2004 23:28:34 -0800"
>
<topic>Big O Notation</topic>
<topic>FS: XFS</topic>
<topic>FS: ext2</topic>
<topic>Hot-Plugging</topic>
<topic>Kernel Release Announcement</topic>

<p>Andrew Morton announced 2.6.4-mm1, saying:</p>

<quote who="Andrew Morton">

<p><a
href="ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.4/2.6.4-mm1/">ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.4/2.6.4-mm1/</a></p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>

<p>The CPU scheduler changes in -mm (sched-domains) have been hanging about
  for too long.  I had been hoping that the people who care about SMT and
  NUMA performance would have some results by now but all seems to be
silent.</p>

<p>  I do not wish to merge these up until the big-iron guys can say that they
  suit their requirements, with a reasonable expectation that we will not
  need to churn this code later in the 2.6 series.</p>

<p>  So.  If you have been testing, please speak up.  If you have not been
  testing, please do so.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Major surgery against the pagecache, radix-tree and writeback code.  This
  work is to address the O_DIRECT-vs-buffered data exposure horrors which
  we've been struggling with for months.</p>

<p>  As a side-effect, 32 bytes are saved from struct inode and eight bytes
  are removed from struct page.</p>

<p>  This change will break any arch code which is using page->list and will
  also break any arch code which is using page->lru of memory which was
  obtained from slab.</p>

<p>  It seems to work OK here, but I suggest people not rush out and convert
  all of the corporate finance department's servers to 2.6.4-mm1.</p>

<p>  The basic problem which we (mainly Daniel McNeil) have been struggling
  with is in getting a really reliable fsync() across the page lists while
  other processes are performing writeback against the same file.  It's like
  juggling four bars of wet soap with your eyes shut while someone is
  whacking you with a baseball bat.  Daniel pretty much has the problem
  plugged but I suspect that's just because we don't have testcases to
  trigger the remaining problems.  The complexity and additional locking
  which those patches add is worrisome.</p>

<p>  So the approach taken here is to remove the page lists altogether and
  replace the list-based writeback and wait operations with in-order
  radix-tree walks.</p>

<p>  The radix-tree code has been enhanced to support "tagging" of pages, for
  later searches for pages which have a particular tag set.  This means that
  we can ask the radix tree code "find me the next 16 dirty pages starting at
  pagecache index N" and it will do that in O(log64(N)) time.</p>

<p>  This affects I/O scheduling potentially quite significantly.  It is no
  longer the case that the kernel will submit pages for I/O in the order in
  which the application dirtied them.  We instead submit them in file-offset
  order all the time.</p>

<p>  This is likely to be advantageous when applications are seeking all over
  a large file randomly writing small amounts of data.  I haven't performed
  much benchmarking, but tiobench random write throughput seems to be
  increased by 30%.  Other tests appear to be unaltered.  dbench may have got
  10-20% quicker, but it's variable.</p>

<p>  There is one large file which everyone seeks all over randomly writing
  small amounts of data: the blockdev mapping which caches filesystem
  metadata.  The kernel's IO submission patterns for this are now ideal.</p>

<p>  Because writeback and wait-for-writeback use a tree walk instead of a
  list walk they are no longer livelockable.  This probably means that we no
  longer need to hold i_sem across O_SYNC writes and perhaps fsync() and
  fdatasync().  This may be beneficial for databases: multiple processes
  writing and syncing different parts of the same file at the same time can
  now all submit and wait upon writes to just their own little bit of the
  file, so we can get a lot more data into the queues.</p>

<p>  It is trivial to implement a part-file-fdatasync() as well, so
  applications can say "sync the file from byte N to byte M", and multiple
  applications can do this concurrently.  This is easy for ext2 filesystems,
  but probably needs lots of work for data-journalled filesystems and XFS and
  it probably doesn't offer much benefit over an i_semless O_SYNC write.</p>

</li>

<li>Dropped the hotplug CPU patches: bits of them were merged into Linus's
  kernel and things broke.</li>

<li>Various little fixes as usual.</li>

</ul>

</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="Lightweight System Call Auditing"
  subject="[PATCH] Light-weight Auditing Framework"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1yzx2-Su-31%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="9"
  startdate="11 Mar 2004 06:25:46 -0800"
  enddate="17 Mar 2004 16:45:02 -0800"
>

<p>Rik Faith said:</p>

<quote who="Rik Faith">

<p>Below is a patch against 2.6.4 that provides a low-overhead system-call
auditing framework for Linux that is usable by LSM components (e.g.,
SELinux).  This is an update of the patch discussed in this thread:<br />
    <a href="http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=107815888100001&amp;r=1&amp;w=2">http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=107815888100001&amp;r=1&amp;w=2</a></p>

<p>In brief, it provides for netlink-based logging of audit records that
have been generated in other parts of the kernel (e.g., SELinux) as well
as the ability to audit system calls, either independently (using simple
filtering) or as a compliment to the audit record that another part of
the kernel generated.</p>

<p>The main goals were to provide system call auditing with 1) as low
overhead as possible, and 2) without duplicating functionality that is
already provided by SELinux (and/or other security infrastructures).
This framework will work "stand-alone", but is not designed to provide,
e.g., CAPP functionality without another security component in place.</p>

<p>This updated patch includes changes from feedback I have received,
including the ability to compile without CONFIG_NET (and better use of
tabs, so use -w if you diff against the older patch).</p>

<p>Please see <a href="http://people.redhat.com/faith/audit/">http://people.redhat.com/faith/audit/</a> for an early example
user-space client (auditd-0.4.tar.gz) and instructions on how to try it.</p>

<p>My future intentions at the kernel level include improving filtering
(e.g., syscall personality/exit codes) and syscall support for more
architectures.  First, though, I'm going to work on documentation, a
(real) audit daemon, and patches for other user-space tools so that
people can play with the framework and understand how it can be used
with and without SELinux.</p>

</quote>

<p>Stephen Smalley remarked, <quote who="Stephen Smalley">FYI, I have no
objection to the changes in this patch to the SELinux module; we would be
glad to have SELinux use this auditing framework if it is accepted into the
mainline kernel.  I suppose we can separately submit a patch to remove the
avc_ratelimit code from the SELinux avc, as that should be handled by the
audit framework itself.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="Fan Driver Expanded Coverage And New Name"
  subject="[PATCH] therm_adt7467 update"
  archive="http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=lang_en&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;safe=off&amp;selm=1yzFP-123-19%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="4"
  startdate="11 Mar 2004 06:35:56 -0800"
  enddate="15 Mar 2004 15:49:28 -0800"
>
<topic>Version Control</topic>

<p>Colin Leroy said, <quote who="Colin Leroy">the fan driver I wrote
for adt746x looks like it only handles the adt7467 chip found in iBooks
G4; but it also handles the adt7460 chip found in the Powerbook G4 Alu.
Here's a patch that renames the file to therm_adt746x.c and updates Kconfig
and Makefile.</quote> Benjamin Herrenschmidt replied, <quote who="Benjamin
Herrenschmidt">Ok, I'll look into getting that upstream. Renaming things is
a bit nasty (makes big patch for little changes) unless Linus does directly a
"bk mv" in his tree..</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="Status Of Rootkit Attacks Against 2.6"
  subject="LKM rootkits in 2.6.x"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1yDpU-4Un-5%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="17"
  startdate="11 Mar 2004 11:26:23 -0800"
  enddate="13 Mar 2004 16:44:51 -0800"
>
<topic>Security</topic>

<mention>Dax Kelson</mention>
<mention>Valdis Kletnieks</mention>
<mention>Christophe Saout</mention>

<p>Pete Smith asked, <quote who="Pete Smith">Any thoughts on the future of LKM
rootkits in the 2.6 kernel branch ? In the last few years I've become quite
interested in them (from a defensive point of view), but with the 2.6 kernel
no longer exporting the syscall table, intercepting system calls would appear
to be a non-starter now.</quote> Horst von Brand replied, <quote who="Horst
von Brand">If you get to load a module, you are in-kernel. Once there, you can
either use what you know are the offsets for $distro-$version-$arch kernel and
be in business as usual, or fool around on your own. Harder than before, yes.
Impossible, by no means.</quote> Valdis Kletnieks also gave a pointer to
a <a href="http://stealth.7350.org/rootkits/adore-ng-0.41.tgz">2.6 port of
the adore-ng rootkit</a> that had been mentioned by an anonymous poster on
BugTraq. The poster had said, "All of the stuff you know from earlier kernel
2.4 versions such as socket-, process- and file-hiding, syslog- and [uw]tmp
filtering has been ported. Additionally since version 0.32 a buffer overflow
has been fixed (doh!) which could lead to crashes when a lot of network
connections exist." Paul Rolland took a look at this, and noticed that the
rootkit no longer used the system call layer, but did its work via the Virtual
Filesystem. Paul suggested hiding the VFS now, as well. Elsewhere, Dave Jones
also pointed out that rootkit authors could also <quote who="Dave Jones">start
doing what binary-only driver vendors have been doing for months.. If the
table isn't exported, they find a symbol that is exported, and grovel around
in memory near there until they find something that looks like it, and patch
accordingly.</quote> Jirka Kosina replied, <quote who="Jirka Kosina">Why
bother .. just find any symbol (function name) which is exported to modules
and also being frequently called somehow indirectly from userland (VFS layer
functions, vm functions, ...) and use this function as an open-backdoor spell.
It is easy to patch existing rootkits this way.</quote></p>

<p>Christophe Saout asked if it was really true that binary driver vendors
were using the method Dave described, and Dax Kelson asked which vendors
and modules did this. Dave replied, <quote who="Dave Jones">Most recent one
I saw was some 'antivirus' filescanning module.  The name escapes me. It was
mentioned on l-k at the time.  It wasn't the first by any means however. This
trick has been used since vendors stopped exporting sys_call_table.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="Hotplug Scripts Update Released"
  subject="[ANNOUNCE] 2004-03-11 release of hotplug scripts"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1yIpN-29p-53%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="1"
  startdate="11 Mar 2004 16:06:31 -0800"
>
<topic>Hot-Plugging</topic>

<p>Greg KH said:</p>

<quote who="Greg KH">

<p>I've just packaged up the latest Linux hotplug scripts into a release,
which can be found at:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/hotplug-2004_03_11.tar.gz">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/hotplug-2004_03_11.tar.gz</a>
or for those who like bz2 packages:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/hotplug-2004_03_11.tar.bz2">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/hotplug-2004_03_11.tar.bz2</a></p>

<p>This is a snapshot of the recent development in the scripts, and should
be used by anyone who has reported a bug or sent me a patch against the last
release, to check if your fix is in or not.</p>

<p>If I have missed any changes, please let me know and send the patch to me
and the linux-hotplug-devel mailing list.  I'll collect them all and make a
"official" release afterwards.</p>

<p>Sorry for delaying so long since the last hotplug release.</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="UML Updated To Support 2.6.4"
  subject="uml-patch-2.6.4-1"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1yKUn-50O-5%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="2"
  startdate="11 Mar 2004 19:13:54 -0800"
  enddate="14 Mar 2004 04:40:26 -0800"
>
<topic>User-Mode Linux</topic>
<topic>Version Control</topic>

<p>Jeff Dike said:</p>

<quote who="Jeff Dike">

<p>This patch updates UML to 2.6.4.  Besides the update, there were the following
changes since the last patch:</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>a bug which caused either a crash in the kernel or a BUG at exit.c:793 was fixed</li>
<li>a bug which caused a crash when a process tried to dump core was fixed</li>
<li>the hang early in boot on GHz hosts is gone</li>
<li>various other</li>

</ul>

</p>

<p>The 2.6.4-1 UML patch is available at<br />
        <a href="http://www.user-mode-linux.org/mirror/uml-patch-2.6.4-1.bz2">http://www.user-mode-linux.org/mirror/uml-patch-2.6.4-1.bz2</a></p>

<p>BK users can pull my 2.5 repository from<br />
        <a href="http://www.user-mode-linux.org:5000/uml-2.5">http://www.user-mode-linux.org:5000/uml-2.5</a></p>

<p>For the other UML mirrors and other downloads, see<br />
        <a href="http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/dl-sf.html">http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/dl-sf.html</a></p>

<p>Other links of interest:</p>

<p>        The UML project home page : <a href="http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net">http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net</a><br />
        The UML Community site : <a href="http://usermodelinux.org">http://usermodelinux.org</a></p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="New &quot;Umbrella&quot; Security Project For Linux On Handheld Devices"
  subject="[ANNOUNCE] Umbrella - process based mandatory access control"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1yUAs-6Fb-11%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="2"
  startdate="12 Mar 2004 04:59:43 -0800"
  enddate="12 Mar 2004 05:02:16 -0800"
>

<p>Kristian Soerensen said:</p>

<quote who="Kristian Soerensen">

<p>I am proud to announce the official launch of the Umbrella security
project for Linux on handheld devices.</p>

<p>Umbrella implements a combination of process based mandatory access
control and authentication of files. Umbrella relies on the efford of
developers, in order to implement a secure system. It is our philosophy
that it is not possible to make a secure Linux system without involving
the developers of the various applications used on the system!</p>

<p>The design of Umbrella is aimed to be very simple for developers to use
and understand. It is not possible to make an ambiguous security
configuration for Umbrella - unlike more complex security mechanisms
like e.g. Security-Enhanced Linux.</p>

<p>You may find more details below and on our web site:<br />
<a href="http://umbrella.sourceforge.net">http://umbrella.sourceforge.net</a></p>

<p align="center">-- UMBRELLA INTRODUCTION --</p>

<p>In designing Umbrella for handheld devices, there are several criteria
that differ from that of regular computer systems. The most important
are the available resources and the fact that heavy change in software
do not occur. Furthermore the PDA, used for test purposes in this
project, is not a development tool only a computer intended to do
specific tasks such as organizer, email, games, communication etc.</p>

<p>Though resources on handhelds are limited, the devices has become
increasingly more powerful and able to run a wide range of programs from
different vendors. Umbrella is designed, such that software can be
executed in a secure manner and thereby protecting the system against
malicious code and viruses.</p>

<p>The overall structure of Umbrella is a mandatory access control scheme
for running processes together with an authentication of files and run
time integrity checking of the executables.</p>

<p align="center">-- PROCESS BASED MAC --</p>

<p>The idea of processes based mandatory access control is strongly
supported by the tree structure for processes in Linux.</p>

<p>Umbrella gives every process in Linux a set of restrictions. The rule is
that every process must be at least as restricted as it parent. In
practice, this works as inheritance: When forking a new process, it
immediately gets the restrictions of it's parent, and if the parent have
specified more restrictions for it's child(ren) then the "child
restrictions" and the restrictions of the parent are combined (a union
of the two sets of restrictions).</p>

<p align="center">-- WHAT IS RESTRICTIONS? --</p>

<p>A restriction is just a string, e.g. "/etc". These strings can represent
a path in the file system e.g. "/etc/passwd" or "/etc" or the
restriction can represent a special ability e.g. "net" or "fork".</p>

<p>A path restriction restricts the process from the specified directory
and everything below it. If the path-restriction is a file, nothing
below exists, and the process is thus restricted from that single file
only.</p>

<p>Ability restrictions is used to restrict from special operations, that
cannot be restricted through files. An example of this is the network,
which is only handled through the kernel. The restrictions for the
network, the ability to fork new processes and others is handled within
Umbrella.</p>

<p>It will be very easy to add new path restrictions to the system, as the
way they are handled within the kernel are the same. From a
user/programmer point of view, the interface will be made very simple
(not implemented yet). Adding more ability restrictions require small
modifications of the Umbrella code (hook implementations). At first we
aim to implement the general, but simple, ability restrictions (like net
and fork). However it is fairly easy to extend these to implement more
fine grained restrictions.</p>

</quote>

<p>In a subsequent post, he said:</p>

<quote who="Kristian Soerensen">

<p>Umbrella-0.2 can be downloaded from:<br />
<a
href="http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/umbrella/umbrella-0.2.tar.bz2?download">http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/umbrella/umbrella-0.2.tar.bz2?download</a></p>

<p>The tarball includes detailed instructions for how to try out Umbrella.</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="udev 022 Released"
  subject="[ANNOUNCE] udev 022 release"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1z4T9-113-23%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="1"
  startdate="12 Mar 2004 16:07:29 -0800"
>
<topic>FS: devfs</topic>
<topic>FS: sysfs</topic>
<topic>Hot-Plugging</topic>
<topic>Version Control</topic>

<p>Greg KH said:</p>

<quote who="Greg KH">

<p>I've released the 022 version of udev.  It can be found at:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-022.tar.gz">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-022.tar.gz</a></p>

<p>rpms built against Red Hat FC2-test1 are available at:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-022-1.i386.rpm">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-022-1.i386.rpm</a><br />
with the source rpm at:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-022-1.src.rpm">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-022-1.src.rpm</a></p>

<p>udev allows users to have a dynamic /dev and provides the ability to
have persistent device names.  It uses sysfs and /sbin/hotplug and runs
entirely in userspace.  It requires a 2.6 kernel with CONFIG_HOTPLUG
enabled to run.  Please see the udev FAQ for any questions about it:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-FAQ">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-FAQ</a></p>

<p>For any udev vs devfs questions anyone might have, please see:<br />
        <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev_vs_devfs">kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev_vs_devfs</a></p>

<p>There are a few minor bugfixes in this release, and a few new features.
Which pretty much seems to prove my "udev is mature" statement I made
for the last release :)</p>

<p>Oh, I'd like to thank OSDL for doing some preliminary speed tests (as
well as functionality tests) on udev.  Unofficially it looks like it
only took 7 seconds extra to use udev to name 1000 scsi disks (and the
rule was calling out to scsi_id for every disk, and then parsing over
1000 rules.)  Note that is 7 seconds extra to name _all_ of the disks at
once using the scsi_debug module.  That's not too shabby at all.</p>

<p>Where are those "hotplug is too slow to do device naming" whiners now...</p>

<p>Major changes from the 021 version:</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>lots of security audits in libsysfs and the remaining udev
          files.</li>
<li>fixes for the foo-%c{N} type rules</li>
<li>add foo-%c{N+} type rule option (see the manpage for info).</li>
<li>allow node permissions to be specified in the rules file.</li>
<li>more tests added to the test scripts</li>
<li>number of other small fixes.</li>

</ul>

</p>

<p>Again a big thanks to Kay Sievers for sending me patches faster than I
can integrate them.  udev is a viable program due to his excellent work.</p>

<p>Thanks also to everyone else who has send me patches for this release, a
full list of everyone, and their changes is below.</p>

<p>udev development is done in a BitKeeper repository located at:<br />
        bk://linuxusb.bkbits.net/udev</p>

<p>Daily snapshots of udev from the BitKeeper tree can be found at:<br />
        <a href="http://www.codemonkey.org.uk/projects/bitkeeper/udev/">http://www.codemonkey.org.uk/projects/bitkeeper/udev/</a><br />
If anyone ever wants a tarball of the current bk tree, just email me.</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="Linux 2.4.26-pre3 Released"
  subject="Linux 2.4.26-pre3"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1zk1P-8pv-9%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="1"
  startdate="13 Mar 2004 08:10:05 -0800"
>
<topic>FS: NFS</topic>

<p>Marcelo Tosatti announced 2.4.26-pre3, saying:</p>

<quote who="Marcelo Tosatti">

<p>Here goes the third pre release of 2.4.26.</p>

<p>It contains a bunch of NFS client fixes, IA64/32-bit PPC updates, sisfb
update, amongst others.</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="Highpoint-Tech Plugin 0.0.1 For EVMS 2.3.0"
  subject="[ANNOUNCE] Highpoint-Tech Plugin 0.0.1 for EVMS 2.3.0"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1zEDd-5GX-3%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="1"
  startdate="14 Mar 2004 06:04:59 -0800"
>
<topic>Disk Arrays: EVMS</topic>
<topic>FS: sysfs</topic>
<topic>PCI</topic>

<mention>Kevin Corry</mention>

<p>Wilfried Weissmann announced:</p>

<quote who="Wilfried Weissmann">

<p>...so here comes 0.0.1! i have changed the device manager id to 3
because of Kevin Corry suggested this and also added more pci-ids. you
can override the id scan be setting "biosraid.ignore_pci_ids" to "1".
but you still need the proper raid signatures on your disks to get a
raid volume.</p>

<p>basic read/write tests on a fat partition worked fine, but i cannot do
more right now. the fan of my graphiccard is broken and i replaced the
cooler with cpu heatsink and attached it with a string to the board.
looks pretty crude!</p>

<p>Changelog:</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>use new list API</li>
<li>migrate to evms 2.3.0</li>
<li>support for HPT 370, 370A, 302, 371, 375, 372N chipsets</li>
<li>remove disk if it cannot be added the discover() output_list</li>
<li>make all global variables static</li>
<li>add boolean "biosraid.ignore_pci_ids" config option to optionally ignore the pci vendor and device ids of the ide controllers</li>
<li>changed EVMS_DEVICE_MANAGER ID to 3</li>

</ul>

</p>

<p>TODOs:</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>access to the last sector (kernel 2.6 only)</li>
<li>add mode raid levels</li>
<li>create "whole disk" volume (currently only under .nodes)</li>
<li>use sysfs for scanning</li>
<li>more modular design to make it easier to add code for other controllers</li>
<li>more testing</li>

</ul>

</p>

<p>the next thing that i want to do is to implement the "whole disk" volume. it
might be handy to have such a device for the grub bootloader and stuff. this
also is a start for the last sector problem fix. the problem is that i should
protect the sector #9 which contains the volume configuration. i do not think
that it is possible to only write protect that sector but this would be a
nice thing to do.  the patch that applies against evms 2.3.0 is attached...</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="Status Of Software Suspend"
  subject="The verdict on the future of suspending to disk?"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1AfMr-2ng-1%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="8"
  startdate="15 Mar 2004 19:38:50 -0800"
  enddate="16 Mar 2004 12:28:32 -0800"
>
<topic>Software Suspend</topic>

<p>Nigel Cunningham asked:</p>

<quote who="Nigel Cunningham">

<p>Just wanting clarification; what are we thinking about the future of
suspend implementations? Let me throw my current
understanding/suggestion in for starters:</p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>Drop PM_DISK?</li>
<li>Apply patches making swsusp into suspend2, leaving out freezer changes
until people are convinced the current solution is insufficient.</li>
<li>Pavel keeps maintaining the end result? (I'm happy to maintain it if
he wants; I'm assuming when I say this he'll still be dealing with S3
and Patrick will be deal with PM support proper).</li>

</ul>

</p>

</quote>

<p>Karol Kozimor said, <quote who="Karol Kozimor">Patrick has been silent for
months, which apart from further complicating matters makes any assumptions not
quite right :)</quote>. Pavel Machek said he didn't care which implementation
was dropped as long as one remained. He also said to Nigel, <quote who="Pavel
Machek">I do not think Patrick is going to maintain anything.  If you want
to maintain it, you can have it. Big plus if you are able to deal with
Patrick.</quote> There followed a bit of an implementation discussion,
which petered out quickly.</p>

</section>

<section
  title="Linux 2.6.5-rc1 Released"
  subject="Linux 2.6.5-rc1"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1AfW7-2Cv-7%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="15"
  startdate="15 Mar 2004 21:58:53 -0800"
  enddate="17 Mar 2004 17:45:25 -0800"
>
<topic>I2C</topic>
<topic>Kernel Release Announcement</topic>
<topic>Serial ATA</topic>
<topic>Sound: ALSA</topic>
<topic>Version Control</topic>

<p>Linus Torvalds announced 2.6.5-rc1, saying:</p>

<quote who="Linus Torvalds">

<p>Here's the current set of patches I've merged from various poeple..</p>

<p>Merging from Andrew, but also i2c updates, ALSA CVS merge, netconsole,
prism54 driver merge, sata updates, carmel driver, pcmcia and nfs client
updates..</p>

<p>And a few architectures updated: ia64, ppc32, sparc32, arm.</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="Linux 2.6.5-rc1-mm1 Released"
  subject="2.6.5-rc1-mm1"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1Ajx2-65D-25%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="13"
  startdate="16 Mar 2004 01:53:38 -0800"
  enddate="17 Mar 2004 06:59:02 -0800"
>
<topic>Kernel Release Announcement</topic>

<p>Andrew Morton announced 2.6.5-rc1-mm1, saying:</p>

<quote who="Andrew Morton">

<p><a
href="ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.5-rc1/2.6.5-rc1-mm1/">ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.5-rc1/2.6.5-rc1-mm1/</a></p>

<p>

<ul>

<li>A small update, mainly trying to get things stabilised after some
  problems with the disk unplugging and early x86 boot code.  We may still
  have a problem with the latter.</li>

<li>A PNP subsystem update</li>

</ul>

</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="Linux 2.4.26-pre4 Released"
  subject="Linux 2.4.26-pre4"
  archive="http://www.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;selm=1ArNE-6mr-9%40gated-at.bofh.it"
  posts="1"
  startdate="16 Mar 2004 10:14:02 -0800"
>
<topic>Disk Arrays: RAID</topic>
<topic>Disks: IDE</topic>

<p>Marcelo Tosatti announced Linux 2.4.26-pre4, saying:</p>

<quote who="Marcelo Tosatti">

<p>Here goes the fourth -pre of 2.4.26.</p>

<p>Pretty small (great!), containing a few network updates, SPARC64 fixes,
Bluetooth fixes, IDE update (fixes for AMD chipset driver and inclusion of
Medley software RAID driver by Thomas Horsten), amongst others.</p>

</quote>

</section>

</kc>

