<?xml version="1.0" ?>

<kc>

<title>Kernel Traffic</title>

<author contact="mailto:zbrown@tumblerings.org">Zack Brown</author>

<headquote><a href="http://www.tux.org/lkml/">linux-kernel FAQ</a> |
<a href="http://www.tux.org/lkml/#s3-1">subscribe to linux-kernel</a> | <a
href="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html">linux-kernel
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| <a href="http://lxr.linux.no/">LxR Kernel Source Browser</a> |
<a href="http://www.memalpha.cx/Linux/Kernel/">All Kernels</a> | <a
href="http://perso.wanadoo.es/xose/linux/linux_ports.html">Kernel
Ports</a> | <a
href="http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html">Kernel
Docs</a> | <a href="http://members.aa.net/~swear/pedia/kernel.html">Gary's
Encyclopedia: Linux Kernel</a> | <a
href="http://kernelnewbies.org/">#kernelnewbies</a></headquote>

<issue num="101" date="08 Jan 2001 00:00:00 -0800" />

<intro>

<p>Sorry, nothing in this issue about the release of 2.4; in fact, this issue of
KT covers the heart of the Christian holiday season, so there was not as much
discussion on the list as usual. Tune in next week for discussions about the new
stable series.</p>

</intro>

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<section
  title="Recommended GCC Compiler Version"
  subject="recommended gcc compiler version"
  archive="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0012.2/0795.html"
  posts="14"
  startdate="21 Dec 2000 20:20:43 -0800"
  enddate="26 Dec 2000 00:06:18 -0800"
>
<topic>Version Control</topic>

<p>Robert B. Easter asked which were the recommended compiler versions for
2.2.18 and the 2.4-test series. For 2.2.18, Barry K. Nathan recommended,
<quote who="Barry K. Nathan">gcc 2.7.2.3 is safest, but egcs 1.1.2 should be
safe even for mission-critical stuff. gcc 2.95.2 seems to work for many people,
but isn't necessarily safe.</quote> For 2.4 he recommended, <quote who="Barry
K. Nathan">egcs 1.1.2 is the safe choice, but gcc 2.95.2 seems to work. gcc
2.7.2.3 miscompiles 2.4 more often than not, so 2.4 has a preprocessor check
that stops any attempts to compile it with 2.7.2.3.</quote> He added that the
Documentation/Changes file would answer the compiler question for each
particular release. Elsewhere, Linus Torvalds said at one point:</p>

<quote who="Linus Torvalds">

<p>Note that despite my public comments about it beign a bad idea to ship
extremely untested compilers in a major release, I actually think that it
would be wonderful to have people who are ready to face the consequences to
try the new 2.96.</p>

<p>It's not been all that widely tested, but if you kno a bit about what
you're doing (or want to learn), gcc-2.96 _does_ potentially create better
code, and if nobody is willing to test it, any potential bugs (be they in
the kernel sources and triggered by a smarter compiler, or in the compiler
itself) won't be found.</p>

<p>So please do try it out, but please mention the fact if you end up having
to report a bug (it won't make your bug-report be ignored, don't ever worry
about something like that. But i would be good to have an older compiler
handy to correlate the bug with the compiler for sure).</p>

<p>In fact, I'd love to hear about experiences even with the CVS snapshots.
I just don't like them showing up in distributions ;)</p>

</quote>

<p>In reply, Matthew Vanecek reported that the latest gcc 2.96 updates from
Red Hat had been working fine for his kernel compiles.</p>

<p>Elsewhere, Alan Cox also listed the recommended compilers for Robert,
adding, <quote who="Alan Cox">Red Hat's 2.96 seems to generate valid kernels
but don't expect sympathy if you report a bug in one built that way.</quote>
And Linus went on, in response:</p>

<quote who="Linus Torvalds">

<p>Now, now, I'd love to se reports of expecially the new updated compiler.
I've not actually seen a single report of problems for the kernel even with
the old 2.96, it's just that I've seen too many user-space problems that I
would be hesitant to use it for the kernel.</p>

<p>Despite my dislike of releasing snaopshot compilers, I'd _much_ rather
see Red Hat just dropping their "kgcc" thing, and in order to do that people
do ned to test with the new compiler.</p>

<p>I just want people to mention the fact, so that I can correlate any
bug-reports with a compiler version. Just in case. It can be important
(and not just because of compiler bugs, but due to real kernel bugs that
just were hidden by pure luck with other compilers). And it helps a LOT if
you have another compiler available to compare with.</p>

</quote>

</section>

<section
  title="The NSA's Security-Enhanced Linux"
  subject="The NSA's Security-Enhanced Linux (fwd)"
  archive="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0012.2/0805.html"
  posts="12"
  startdate="21 Dec 2000 23:00:06 -0800"
  enddate="26 Dec 2000 00:06:18 -0800"
>
<topic>Access Control Lists</topic>
<topic>Microkernels: Mach</topic>

<mention>Amon Ott</mention>
<mention>Alex Buell</mention>
<mention>Mike A. Harris</mention>

<p>Mike A. Harris gave a link to the <a
href="http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/background.html">NSA's Security Enhanced Linux
Project Page</a> and asked if anyone had looked into it. Alex Buell recommended
paranoia, saying it would be prudent to look for back-doors before including
any of the NSA's code. But elsewhere, Casey Schaufler said, <quote who="Casey
Schaufler">Persons looking for backdoors, tricks, traps, snares, or ice are
going to be disappointed. It's just code like everone else produces. Much
of the work was done by employees of the NSA. They should be applauded for
the effort they put in just to be allowed to make this available.</quote></p>

<p>Sandy Harris replied, <quote who="Sandy Harris">These folks are good
at what they do and the code is GPL.  It is worth starting to consider
whether this code, or code from one of the other security-enhancement
projects, should be included in the standard kernel for 2.6 or 3.0.</quote>
Alan Cox replied, <quote who="Alan Cox">I think this is a good point. Its
actually a nice testimonial for free software that its finally got the NSA
contributing code in a way that everyone benefits from and which may help
cut down computer crime beyond government.  (and which of course actually
is part of the NSA's real job)</quote> And James Lewis Nance credited,
<quote who="James Lewis Nance">I often wonder how many people know that
a whole bunch of the Linux networking code is Copyrighted by the NSA.
I'm always waiting to hear someone come up with a conspiracy theory about
it on slashdot, but I have never heard anyone mention it.</quote></p>

<p>Elsewhere, Alan remarked, <quote who="Alan Cox">Im sure all sorts of
people will be finding bugs in it because they are looking for secret NSA
backdoors so why discourage them 8).</quote> Michael H.  Warfield replied,
<quote who="Michael H. Warfield">Now that's a real damn good point that I
hadn't thought of.  With everyone so paranoid about what backdoors they may
have left (like they would be that crazy to put them in and put it out in
plain view for everyone) that the code should end up getting a real good
review for bugs as well.  :-)  Such a deal.  :-)</quote></p>

<p>Elsewhere on a more technical note, Kurt Garloff said:</p>

<quote who="Kurt Garloff">

<p>I wonder how their approach compares to the RSBAC stuff, though.  The RSBAC
(by Amon Ott) has all the infrastructure available to have policy based
access control; whenever an access decision has to be taken, a call via some
interface is made to a module, which then takes the decision ... Just like PAM
in userspace.  <a href="http://www.rsbac.org/">http://www.rsbac.org/</a></p>

<p>I think it's a good approach and I think, it has gone much further than
the NSA stuff. I'd prefer to have RSBAC merged in 2.5.</p>

</quote>

<p>Stephen Smalley replied:</p>

<quote who="Stephen Smalley">

<p>The Security-Enhanced Linux has a well-defined architecture (named Flask)
for flexible mandatory access controls that has been experimentally validated
through several prototype systems (DTMach, DTOS, and Flask).  The architecture
provides clean separation of policy from enforcement, well-defined policy
decision interfaces, flexibility in labeling and access decisions, support
for policy changes, and fine-grained controls over the kernel abstractions.
Detailed studies have been performed of the ability of the architecture
to support a wide variety of security policies and are available
on the DTOS and Flask web pages accessible via the Background page (<a
href="http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/background.html">http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/background.html</a>).
A published paper about the Flask architecture is also available
on the Background page.  The architecture and its implementation
in Linux are described in detail in the documentation (<a
href="http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/docs.html">http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/docs.html</a>).</p>

<p>RSBAC appears to have similar goals to the Security-Enhanced Linux.
Like the Security-Enhanced Linux, it separates policy from enforcement
and supports a variety of security policies.  RSBAC uses a different
architecture (the Generalized Framework for Access Control or GFAC) than the
Security-Enhanced Linux, although the Flask paper notes that at the highest
level of abstraction, the the Flask architecture is consistent with the GFAC.
However, the GFAC does not seem to fully address the issue of policy changes
and revocation, as discussed in the Flask paper.  RSBAC also differs in the
specifics of its policy interfaces and its controls, but a careful evaluation
of the significance of these differences has not been performed.</p>

</quote>

<p>This was also covered recently in <kcref subject="NSA's Secure Linux
Distribution" startdate="22 Dec 2000 13:08:41 -0800"></kcref>.</p>

</section>

<section
  title="Some BIOSes Favoring Microsoft"
  subject="BIOS problem, pro Microsoft, anti other OS"
  archive="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0012.3/0075.html"
  posts="4"
  startdate="25 Dec 2000 07:37:16 -0800"
  enddate="26 Dec 2000 11:37:09 -0800"
>
<topic>Microsoft</topic>
<topic>Modems</topic>
<topic>PCI</topic>

<p>Marvin Stodolsky reported:</p>

<quote who="Marvin Stodolsky">

<p>some PC BIOS chips are now coming with a default Microsoft setting, which
makes them hostile to some functionalities of other OS.  If particular under
Linux, a PCI Winmodem did NOT function with the Win98 BIOS setting, but did
fine  with BIOS choice "Other OS".  Possible, other PCI devices under Linux
OS might be simmilarly afflicated.</p>

<p>This indicates a need for Linux install software to be equipped with a
utility to probe the BIOS and report back "Linux hostile" BIOS settings.
Today most Newbies are getting new PC boxes equipped with WinModems.
Hostile BIOS settings will block their capability to get on-line.</p>

</quote>

<p>David Riley replied, <quote who="David Riley">I don't think this can
necessarily be classified as "Linux hostile", but really more as "Linux
ignorant".  In most decent BIOS setups, the "Windows" option in your setup
would read as "PnP OS".  The writers of your bios just assumed that Windows
is the only OS that works properly with PNP (though up until recently that
wasn't far from the truth).  In any case, using a somewhat newer kernel
(like 2.4.0-test12, I think) should solve problems by properly handling
PnP stuff.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="Repetive Strain Injuries"
  subject="[PATCH] 8139too fix"
  archive="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0012.3/0347.html"
  posts="3"
  startdate="28 Dec 2000 13:41:14 -0800"
  enddate="29 Dec 2000 11:42:58 -0800"
>

<mention>Jeff Garzik</mention>
<mention>Rik van Riel</mention>

<p>Rik van Riel sent a patch to Jeff Garzik, and Andre Hedrick replied, <quote
who="Andre Hedrick">Jeff Garzik, is offline for the next three weeks......
He claims that his wrists hurt from the keyboard ;-)...</quote> Mike Galbraith
replied:</p>

<quote who="Mike Galbraith">

<p>And if his wrists hurt, he's definitely doing the right thing by laying
off. </p>

<p>&lt;soapbox&gt;</p>

<p>I _know_:</p>

<p>8 months in a neck brace due to cervical spine damage (don't hunch forward
while reading cool/clever code).  1.5 years physical therapy for that damage
(permanent, _do not_ hunch forward while reading cool/clever code).  7 months
paralysis of left arm (don't put weight on your elbow on hard surface while
reading cool/clever code) 5 months paralysis of lower left leg (don't cross
your legs while leaning on left elbow while...).</p>

<p>The nerve damage can be helped a bit with massive doses of vitamine B if
you're lucky, but they don't fully recover in my experience.  Bones don't
recover at all.. ever.</p>

<p>Remember the thousand times your mom said sit up straight?..  I sure
do ;-)</p>

<p>&lt;/soapbox&gt;</p>

</quote>

<p>End Of Discussion.</p>

</section>

<section
  title="PowerPC Tree Out Of Date"
  subject="PowerPC branch out of date"
  archive="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0012.3/0444.html"
  posts="3"
  startdate="29 Dec 2000 07:11:57 -0800"
  enddate="29 Dec 2000 09:25:04 -0800"
>

<mention>Alan Cox</mention>
<mention>Rik van Riel</mention>
<mention>Linus Torvalds</mention>

<p>Tom Gall reported:</p>

<quote who="Tom Gall">

<p>I'm one of the folks that works on the PowerPC portion of the kernel. I've
noticed for some time that what's available at kernel.org and what's being
worked on by those of us who maintain our little portion of the PowerPC tree
is more and more out of sync.</p>

<p>  How it's got there etc etc etc at this stage isn't important. First
how to fix it and how to make sure it doesn't happen again does concern me.</p>

<p>  Currently the diff between test13-preX and the master fsmlabs.com ppc
tree is about 450k. Is the right thing to start with that patch get that
into the test13-preX series?</p>

<p>  I would REALLY appreciate it if this could be made to happen. I've got
a whole boatload of RS/6000 (aka pSeries) hardware that will be starting to
work once this patch is in. It's truely a shame to have to explain to people
that kernel.org *SHOULD* be the place to get a good kernel but given that
things are out of sync to have to point them somewhere else.</p>

</quote>

<p>Rik van Riel suggested submitting patches to Linus Torvalds or Alan Cox,
but Tom replied, <quote who="Tom Rini">test13-pre5-acXX is up-to-date with
everything that's important anyways.  Weather that makes it into Linus'
tree is the important and unknown bit.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="Some Crossed Wires With Patch Submission"
  subject="test13-pre6 compile error..network.o"
  archive="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0012.3/0539.html"
  posts="3"
  startdate="30 Dec 2000 00:03:51 -0800"
  enddate="30 Dec 2000 08:43:58 -0800"
>

<mention>Frank Davis</mention>
<mention>Andrew Morton</mention>

<p>Frank Davis got some undefined references in network.o, while trying to
compile 2.4.0test13-pre6; Andrew Morton posted a patch to fix it, and Alan
Cox explained, <quote who="Alan Cox">My fault. I fed Linus a few things too
many trying to get the networking stuff tidied up. Stuff leaked in from the
networking core fixes that arent yet in Linus tree.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="Status Of PowerPC Port In The Official Tree"
  subject="Linux 2.4test-ac merge status"
  archive="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0012.3/0617.html"
  posts="4"
  startdate="30 Dec 2000 18:17:12 -0800"
  enddate="30 Dec 2000 18:40:31 -0800"
>
<topic>Kernel Release Announcement</topic>

<p>Alan Cox announced 2.4.0test13pre7-ac1 and explained, <quote who="Alan
Cox">This is to help give folks an idea of what -ac stuff has been pushed
to Linus, is still in need of work, has been dumped in the bitbucket of bad
ideas etc.</quote> Tom Rini asked if the PowerPC port had been dumped in
the bitbucket, and Alan replied, <quote who="Alan Cox">It might be the ppc
port is 2.4.0ac1 and 2.4.2 Linus or something. I don't think that is likely
to be a big problem. I need to get on top of 2.2.19pre4 and the rest of the
Linus resync then I'm going to dump chunks of stuff out of -ac and try and
get a nice clean -ac tree. If folks want to sync non x86 ports with that
initially go ahead.</quote> Tom replied, <quote who="Tom Rini">Oh well.
I guess our problem is we can never get Linus to notice the smaller chunks
and he always seems to hate big patches.</quote></p>

</section>

<section
  title="POSIX Message Queues"
  subject="Posix MessageQ's"
  archive="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0012.3/0638.html"
  posts="2"
  startdate="30 Dec 2000 20:47:26 -0800"
  enddate="31 Dec 2000 05:06:59 -0800"
>
<topic>POSIX</topic>

<p>Rajesh Balan asked, <quote who="Rajesh Balan">Does linux support Posix
Message Q's. Iam reffering richard stevens V2 for IPC.. The book said to
include &lt;mqueue.h&gt;, which i was not able to find. Iam using Linux
2.2.</quote> Gabi Davar replied, <quote who="Gabi Davar">POSIX Message
Queues are not implemented yet in glibc v2.2 (POSIX semaphores are partially
implemented). Once glibc will support them, you could test for their existence
via sysctl() and the relevant defines. As far as I know, Linux implements
only SysV MQs. Solaris and True64 implement them though.</quote></p>

</section>

</kc>

